Observations:

• At the anode:

Chlorine gas (Cl2) is produced. It has a distinct yellow-green color and a characteristic smell.

• At the cathode:

Sodium metal (Na) is formed as a molten substance. However, in an aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) may also be produced due to the presence of water.

The electrolysis of sodium chloride is used in the production of chlorine gas and sodium metal.

Chlorine gas has various industrial applications, including the production of PVC, water disinfection, and bleach.

Sodium metal is highly reactive and is not typically obtained in pure form through electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride due to the presence of water. It is often obtained through other methods.