Chromosomes, genes and proteins

What is Inheritance?

Inheritance refers to the process by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. This transmission of genetic material occurs through the transfer of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms.

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are thread-like structures composed of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a cell.

In eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, animals, and humans, chromosomes contain the genetic information necessary for the organism’s growth, development, and functioning.

Humans typically have 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair during reproduction.

Genes

Genes are specific segments of DNA that carry the instructions for building and maintaining the various components of an organism.

Each gene codes for a particular trait or function. For example, genes may determine physical characteristics like eye colour, height, or susceptibility to certain diseases.

Genes are located on chromosomes. Humans have tens of thousands of genes distributed across their chromosomes.

Proteins

Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids, and they perform a wide variety of functions in the body.

The information encoded in genes is used to synthesize proteins. The process involves transcription (copying DNA into RNA) and translation (building a protein using the information in RNA).

Proteins are crucial for the structure and function of cells. They can act as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, structural components, and more.

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the corresponding gene.